John w



(No Model.)

J. W. HOWELL. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

No. 377,488. Patented Fqb. 7, 1888.

. PATENT OFFICE.

- JOHN. w. HOWELL, on NEW BRUNSWICK, new JERSEY.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL nlsruisuTlou.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 377,488, dated February "I, 1888.

Application flied July 14, 18 86.

To aZZ whom it may. concern! Be it known that I, JOHN W. HOWELL, of

' New Brunswick, in the county of .Middlesex and State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Systems of Electrical Distribution, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to the Edison system of electrical distribution,in which feeding-conductors extend from omnibus wires at the central station to the main or lighting conductors with which the translating devices are connected. In such a system it has heretofore 1- indicators required by this arrangement, these being expensive instruments, and to simplify the apparatus at the central station, while at the same time I provide eflicient, convenient, and exact means of indication of the electromotive force at the end of each feeder.

My invention is illustrated in the annexed drawings.

Figures 1 and 2 are diagrams showing the principle of my invention applied to a twowire system; Fig. 3, a more extended diagram showing the use of my invention in practice with the two-wire system; Fig. 4, a diagram showing the principle of the invention as applied to a three-wire or compensating system, and Fig.5 a diagram showing the practical arrangement in the three-wire system.

Referring first to Fig. 1, 1 2 are omnibus wires. 3 4 represent the system of main or lighting conductors, and 5 6 and 7 8 are two feeding-circuits extending from said omnibus wires to different points of the main-00nd uctor system. It will be seen that if a wire, 9, is brought from the outer to the inner terminal of positive feeding-conductor 5, and a wire, 10, extends between the two terminals of posi- Serial No. 201:,021. (no model.)

tive feeding-conductor 7, and the two coils of a differential galvanometer, A, are includedone in wire 9, the other in wire 10--then, if

, the drop in electro-motive force on conductor 7 is the same as that on conductor 5, the two coils will equally affect the galvanometer-needle, and it will not be deflected. It will be understood, of course, that the electro-motive force is the same at all points on the omnibus wires. Therefore if the pressure at the end of conductor 5 is constantly indicated by an absolute indicator and kept constant the drop on conductor 7 will always be indicated by the movements of the galvanometer-needle, and feedingcircuit 7 8 may be regulated in accordance therewith.

In Fig. 1 an adjustable resistance, B, is shown in'one side of each feeding-circuit for regulating the current in accordance with the indications of the electro-moti've-force indi cators. Where a resistance is thus placed in one side only of each feeding-circuit,the method of indication just described is not perfectly, accurate, .because the drop in the different feeders on the side having no resistance is'not the same. Fig. 2, however, shows an arrangement which is equally efficient whether resistances are placed in'one or in both sides of each feeding-circuit. I have shown the resistances B in both sides. In this arrangement lfem'ploy a four-coil galvanometer, G, and between the terminals of each feeding-conductor alvire extends, which includes one of the galvanometercoils. From positive conductor 5 extends wire 9, from positive conductor 7 wire '10, from negative conductor 6 wire 11, and from negative conductor 8 wire 12. Each two coils connected with the same feeding-circuit oppose each other; also each two coils connected ,with conductors of the same polarity of different feeding-circuits oppose each other. Therefore the sum of the drops in. electromotive force on'the two conductors of one feeder opposes in the differential galvanometer the sum of the drops on two conductors of the other feeder, and the differential indicator thus compares the sum of the drops on one feeder with the sum of the drops on the other; and if one of said feeders'is provided withan absolute indicator of electro-motive force connected between its outer terminals, so that it can be IOO 5 A two-wire system with three feeders, 5 6,

7 8, and 13 14, is shown in- Fig.- 3. D is an indicator of electro-motive force, preferably such as is set forth in my Patent No. 339,058, dated March 30, 1886. This indicator is con- 10 nected with the usual indicating or pressure wires, 16, extending from the outer termi-' nals of the standard feeder 5 6 to the central station.

C and O are the four-coil differential galva-' nometers or comparative indicators. These are wound and connected as already described with reference to Fig. 2, the wires 9 11 extending from the outer terminals of 5 6 to the station and branching at a a, so as to extend to both galvanometers O O, and thence to the omnibus wires, while 10 12 from 7 8, and 17 18 from 13 14 extend, respectively, to the two galvanometers, and thence also to the omnibus wires. Indicator D enables the pressure at theterminals of feeder 56 to be always known, and indicators 0 0 compare the loss there with that'on 7 8 and I3 14, respectively,

as already fully explained.

Fig. 4 illustratesin a simple manne'ra threee wire system. 1, a, and 2am respectively the positive," middle or compensating, -and 'nega-' tive omnibus conductors; 3,:r, and.-4, three similar'conduetors of the lighting or main conductor system; 5, a, 6, the.-conductors.of the standard feeder, and 7, w, 8, those of another feeder. Wires 9 xfromthe positive and neutral wire of the standard feeder extend to the corresponding omnibus conductors, and include two coils of the differential galvanometer 0. Wires 10 x extend in the same way from the positive and neutral wires of the other feeder, and include the other two coils of the galvanometer. Wires 9 and a), connected with the same feeder, are wound to act together; so, also, are wires 10 and m. Wires 10 and 9,which are connected with conductors of the same polarity, oppose each other; so, also, do wires :11 and w". Thus the galvanometer, arranged as shown in Fig. 4, compares the algebraic sumof the drops in electro-motive force on the positive and neutral wires of one feeder with the algebraic sum of the drops on the corresponding wires of the other feeder; andthe pressure on one feeder being constantly known, that on the other is readily seen by It should be understood this comparison. that currents in the neutral wire when flow mg from omnibus to mains are considered positive, andvwhen'flowing from mains to omnibus are considered negative.

In practice the instruments are arranged to compare the drops on positive and neutralwires of the standard feeder with those of each of the other feeders, and also the drops on negative and neutral wires of the standard feederwith. those of each of the other feeders.

This is shown in Fig. 5. The feeding-coninner terminal of each conductor of said standard circuit, indicating-conductors extending from the outer to the inner terminal of each doctors themselvesare omitted in this figure to avoid confusion from multiplicity of lines.

' It will be readily understood that they extend from the omnibus wires 1 w 2 to the respective points onthe mains 3 w 4 at which the indieating-wires 9 w 11, 10 w 12, and 17 a 18 are shown as connected. The coils of galvanometer 0 are included, one in a wire, 11, from negative conductor of standard feeder, another in wire :0 from neutral wire thereof, and one in wire 12 from negative wire of a second feeder, another in wire a. from neutral wire thereof; Galvanometer C has'its coils similarly-divided between wires from positive and neutral of standard and positive and neutralof the-second feeder. Galv'anometers 0 and 0 aresimilarly connected between the two sides of the standard feeder and those of 8 the third feeder. Apair of absolute eleotro-motive'force indicators, D D, are employed, conneeted, respectively, with the two sides of the standard feeder. The diflerential galvanometers being wound as explained with reference to Fig. 4, they actto compare the drops in electro-rnotive force on the different feedingconductors with that on the standard, as was also before explained. I '1 What 'I claim is-.

i 1]. ha system of electrical distribution the combination, with conductors of two feedingcircuits, of indicating-conductors extending from their outerto their inner terminals, and a diflerentiallywound indicating-instrument having its coils divided between the indicating-condu'ctors of the two feeding-circuits, substantially as set forth.

2. In a system of electrical'distribution, the combination, with the conductors or two feeding-circuits, one of which is a-standard circuit, of indicating-conductors extending from the outer tothe inner terminals of each of the condu'ctorsof said feedingcircuits, and afou'r-coil differential galvanometer having one set of n coils included in each of said indicating-conductors, substantially as set forth. j v

' 3. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination, with omnibus wires, a system of main or lighting conductors, and two or more feeding-circuits connecting them, of an absolute indicator'of electro-metive force connected .with the outer terminals'of one of said feeding-circnits, (thestandardcircuit,)indicatingconductors extending from the outer to the conductor of each of the other feeding-circuits; and four-coil differential galvanometers, eachv having two coils in the indicating-wires from the standard circuit and two coils in the indi eating-wires from one of the other feeding-circuits, substantially as set forth.

, 4. In a three-wire system of electrical distribution, the combination, with omnibus wires, a system of main or lighting conductors, and two or more feeding-circuits connecting them, of two absolute indicators of electro motive force connected, one with the outer terminals of each side of one of said feeding-circuits, (the standard circuit,) indicating-conductorsextending from the outer to the inner terminal of each of the three conductors of said standard circuit, indicatingconductors extending from the outer to the inner terminal of each of the three conductors of each of the other feedingcircuits, four-coil diflerential galvanonieters, each having two coilsin the indicating-conductors from the positive and neutral conductors of the standard circuit and two coils in the indicating-conductors from the corresponding conductors of one of the other feeding-cirenits, and other four-coil differential galvanometers, each having two coils in the indicating-conductors from the negative and neutral conductors of the standard circuit and two coils in theindicatingconductorsfrom the corresponding conductors of one of the other feeding-circuits, substantially as set forth.

This specification signed and witnessed this 7th day of July, 1886-.

JOHN W. HOWELL.

Witnesses:

WM. PELZER, H. W. SEELY. 

